IEP vs 504 Plan: What's the Difference?

If your child has a disability that affects their learning, you've probably heard two terms: IEP and 504 Plan. Both are designed to help students succeed, but they work very differently. Understanding the difference can help you advocate for the right supports.

What is a 504 Plan?

A 504 Plan comes from Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 — a civil rights law. In schools, a 504 Plan provides accommodations to ensure a student has equal access to education. It changes how a student accesses learning, not what they learn. Accommodations might include extra time on tests, preferential seating, or breaks as needed. A 504 Plan does not include specialized instruction or related services like speech therapy.

Key differences at a glance

Which one does my child need?

If your child needs specialized instruction — meaning the way they're taught needs to change — an IEP is the right path. If your child can learn the same material but needs accommodations to access it, a 504 Plan may be sufficient. You can also start with a 504 Plan and move to an IEP later, or transition from an IEP to a 504 Plan when specialized instruction is no longer needed. The school cannot force you to choose — if you believe your child needs an IEP, you can request an evaluation in writing at any time.